Dr. Fadel ELZUBI: Jordanian Agriculture After the National Carrier

Dr. ELZUBI cautioned, however: “This collides with two realities that cannot be ignored. The first is geographical: treated water flows by gravity to the Valley, while the most severe groundwater depletion occurs in highland farms in Azraq, Mafraq, and Dhuleil. Delivering Samra’s water there would require costly reverse pumping. Thus, the ‘trade-off’ narrative conceals the actual target—closing highland wells without real alternatives for their owners. This must be stated plainly and addressed with compensation tools, not denial.”